Boule d yiḍebsiyen imecṭaḥ
Imeẓyanen n twacult n rulit: aḍebsi n tẓa n wuṭṭunen deg lkazinu n Faransa, zzhaṛ s ɛecrin n wudmawen, tafelwit n yimesmaren, aḍebsi yeddan d tbewwaṭ n tkurin d yitri n tafat. Yiwen n ulugen i d-yettakken ssuma-nsen akk.
Boule, mazal yettwaurar deg kra n lkazinu n Faransa, yesɛa tẓa n wuṭṭunen u ixelleṣ 7 ɣef 1 ɣef yiwen deg-sen: 11,11%, ukkuẓ n tikkal n uḍebsi awrupi. Roulette-18 yeḍegger zzhaṛ deg wadeg n uzzi n uḍebsi, ssuma-s 5,26%. Srid, Pin Ball d Spingo ssuma-nsen seg 2% ar 4,76%, u Lucky Star, tafat yettezzin i yitri, seg 2,22% ar 4%. Diamond Roulette yeǧǧa azeggaɣ d uberkan i sḍis n yiniten u yesnuzu yiwen n rrehn s 15,79%.
Yiwen n ulugen, iḍebsiyen imecṭaḥ
Alugen n usebter n yiḍebsiyen yemgaraden yettak-d daɣen ssuma n wuraren-a: ḥesbet igmaḍ ur yettwaḥsaben ara deg lexlaṣidrimenLexlaṣAyen i d-yettak rrehn i yerbḥen, yettwanna «X ɣef 1» nnig rrehn i d-yettuɣalen.Ɣer akk → u bḍut-ten ɣef yigmaḍ meṛṛa. Ɣef uḍebsi awrupi, ilemaḍebsiIlemTaxxamt tazegzawt tasuft ur yeṭṭif ula d yiwen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi, n ddzina neɣ n tgejdit; d aɣbalu n lmaziyya n lkazinu. Daɣen: yiwen yilem, 0.Ɣer akk → d 1 n texxamtibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → seg 37. Ɣef uḍebsi amecṭuḥ, yiwet n texxamt n lkazinu d aḥric ameqqran ugar, ihi uraren imecṭaḥ s waṭas ssuma-nsen tugar, ala ma yella lexlaṣ yettwasbadu s wudem nniḍen.
Boule: tẓa n wuṭṭunen
Boule d ameẓyan afransis n twacult n rulit, mazal yettwaurar deg kra n lkazinu deg Faransa; adlis amecṭuḥ n lkazinu deg Antibes yeglem-d ilugan-is. TakurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → tettḥbis ɣef yiwen seg tẓa n wuṭṭunen. Ukkuẓ d iberkanenrrehnAberkanRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen iberkanen. S tefransist: noir.Ɣer akk → (1, 3, 6, 8), ukkuẓ d izeggaɣenrrehnAzeggaɣRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen izeggaɣen. S tefransist: rouge.Ɣer akk → (2, 4, 7, 9), u 5, s uwraɣ, d uṭṭun n lkazinu. Yiwen wuṭṭun ixelleṣ 7 ɣef 1. Rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawirrehnRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawiAzeggaɣ/aberkan, aryan/uyug, afellay/adday. 18 n wuṭṭunen, ixelleṣ 1:1.Ɣer akk →, azeggaɣ neɣ aberkan, aryan neɣ uyug, adday (seg 1 ar 4) neɣ afellay (seg 6 ar 9), xesren akk mi ara d-yeffeɣ 5. Yal rrehn ssuma-s 1/9 = 11,11%, ukkuẓ n tikkal n uḍebsi awrupi. Tawsit deg Genting deg Malizya tesɛa aḍebsi seg 0 ar 9 u txelleṣ 8 ɣef 1 ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun d 2 ɣef 1 ɣef kraḍ: 10%.
Avions: sbeɛṭac n wuṭṭunen
Epstein (2013) yura-d aḍebsi amecṭuḥ nniḍen, Avions, yettwaurar kra n wakud deg Monte Carlo, s 17 n wuṭṭunen. Yiwen wuṭṭun yettxelliṣ 15 ɣef 1, tigrummiwin n ukkuẓ 3 ɣef 1, u rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi ṭṭfen tam n wuṭṭunen yal yiwen, war 9, i yeddmen amkan n yilem. Yal rrehn yettak 1/17 = 5,88%, cwiṭ ugar n 5,26% amarikan, ɣef uḍebsi s uzgen n tiddi n uḍebsi awrupi.
Roulette-18: zzhaṛ deg wadeg n uḍebsi
Roulette-18 yettwasken deg Global Gaming Expo deg 2014 u yettwaurar deg kra n lkazinu Grosvenor deg Tagelda Yedduklen. Zzhaṛ s ɛecrin n wudmawen yeṭṭef amkan n uḍebsi, s wuṭṭunen seg 1 ar 18, 0 d 00. Ɣef 00 ulac ayen yettwafran u zzhaṛ yettwaḍegger tikkelt nniḍen, ayen yeǧǧan 19 n wudmawen yeddren s lexlaṣ yettwasbadun i 18: rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭunrrehnYiwen wuṭṭunYiwen wuṭṭun kan, ixelleṣ 35:1.Ɣer akk → ixelleṣ 17 ɣef 1, rrehn ɣef sin wuṭṭunenrrehnSin wuṭṭunenSin wuṭṭunen yemyuḍanen, ixelleṣ 17:1.Ɣer akk → 8 ɣef 1, izirigrrehnIzirigKraḍ n wuṭṭunen deg yiwen ujerriḍ n tfelwit, ixelleṣ 11:1. S tefransist: transversale.Ɣer akk → 5 ɣef 1, tiɣmertrrehnTiɣmertUkkuẓ n wuṭṭunen yesɛan yiwet n tɣemert tamcerkt ɣef tfelwit, ixelleṣ 8:1.Ɣer akk → 7 ɣef 2, sin yizirigen 2 ɣef 1. Yal rrehn ssuma-s 1/19 = 5,26%, ssuma tamarikanit, ala rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi, i yettxesren kan azgen ɣef 0: 2,63%.
Pin Ball d Spingo: uraren deg Internet
Pin Ball, n Realistic Games, yessegrareb takurt deg tfelwit n yimesmaren ɣer yiwet seg 25 n texxamin, seg 0 ar 24. Rrhun ttxelliṣen am akken llant 24: yiwen wuṭṭun 23 ɣef 1, sin wuṭṭunen 11 ɣef 1, ihi yal yiwen ssuma-s 1/25 = 4%, u rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi xesren kan azgen ɣef 0, ayen i ten-yessawḍen ɣer 2%. Spingo, n Microgaming, yesdukkel sin n yijbaden: takurt seg tbewwaṭ n 21, snat n yal yiwen seg 1 ar 10 d yiwet n 0, d uḍebsi n 25 n yiḥricen, tam n uwraɣ, tam n uzeggaɣ, tam n unili d yiwen d azegzaw. Uṭṭun ixelleṣ 9 ɣef 1, ssuma-s 4,76%; ini ixelleṣ 2 ɣef 1, ssuma-s 4%. Rrehn akk yewɛer ɣef tfelwit, uṭṭun d yini akk, ixelleṣ 31 ɣef 1 s taprubabilit n 16 seg 525, u ssuma-s 2,48% kan: d rrehn ur nesɛi ara ssuma meqqren deg wurar.
Lucky Star: tafat ɣef yitri
Lucky Star, yettwasumer deg kra n lkazinu deg Internet i yimuraren n Briṭanya, ur yesɛi ara takurt. Tafat tettezzi ɣef yitri n semmus n yixef yettwasunɣen s semmus n yijerriḍen yeṣfan u tettḥbis ɣef yiwen seg 40 n yimukan s wuṭṭunen seg 0 ar 8. Semmus n yimukan anda mlalen yijerriḍen sɛan akk uṭṭun 1, u tafat tɛedda ɣef yal yiwen deg-sen snat n tikkal deg yiwen n unezzi, ihi anezzi yesɛa 45 n yimukan u 1 d agmuḍ i d-yettasen ugar, 10 n yimukan seg 45. Rrhun ttwasersen ɣef wuṭṭun, ɣef yini (0 d 8 d izegzawen; 1, 3 d 6 d izeggaɣen; 2, 4, 5 d 7 d iberkanen), aryan neɣ uyug, adday (1–4) neɣ afellay (5–8), Daxel neɣ Berra, d ɣef semmus n yiferdisen n Ccinwa, yiwen i yal ajerriḍ. Lexlaṣ yettwaxelleṣ «i 1» u yettas-d s yiḥricen, am 2,2 i uzeggaɣ, ayen yeǧǧan yal rrehn ad yesɛu ssuma qrib n tin n wiyaḍ s snat n tenqiḍin: seg 2,22% ar 4%.
Diamond Roulette: sḍis n yiniten, ulac azeggaɣ
Diamond Roulette yeffeɣ-d deg Atlantic City deg 2008 ɣef uḍebsi s sin yilmawen, s wuṭṭunen deg sḍis n yiniten n sḍis n wuṭṭunen yal yiwen, war rrehn ɣef uzeggaɣ neɣ aberkan. Ini yettxelliṣ 5 ɣef 1: 5,26%, ssuma tamarikanit tamagnut, neɣ 2,70% ɣef uḍebsi s yiwen yilem. Tafexxet tella deg yini i wumi rnan 0 d 00: tam n wuṭṭunen s 3 ɣef 1, anda alugen yessutur 3¾ ɣef 1. Ssuma-s 15,79%. Asqerreb n lexlaṣ ɣer wadda s uḥric n uferdisidrimenAferdisRrehn agejdan s wacu i yettxeddem unagraw neɣ amurar. Inagrawen n usnerni ttwaglamen s yiferdisen akken ad ilin i yal ṭṭabla.Ɣer akk → yezmer ad yerr yiwen n rrehn yeɣla kraḍ n tikkal ugar n wiyaḍ.
Ayen i d-sskanen yiḍebsiyen imecṭaḥ
Allal yettbeddil; leḥsab ur yettbeddil ara.
- Yiwen wuṭṭun n lkazinu seg tẓa, ssuma-s 11,11%; yiwen seg 37, ssuma-s 2,70%. Mi drus wuṭṭunen, ilem yeɣla ugar.
- Zzhaṛ, tafelwit n yimesmaren neɣ tabewwaṭ ur beddlen acemma: ssuma tella deg umḍan n yigmaḍ d lexlaṣ.
- Azgen yettuɣal-d ɣef yilem, am di Pin Ball d Roulette-18, yessenqas s wazgen lmaziyya n lexlaṣ imsawi, akken yexdem la partagealugenLa partageAlugen afransis: mi ara d-yeffeɣ yilem, azgen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi yettuɣal-d. Yessenqas lmaziyya n lkazinu ɣef rrhun-a ɣer uzgen, d 1,35%.Ɣer akk →.
- Lexlaṣ s yiḥricen, am di Lucky Star, yeǧǧa amsuneɣ ad yefk i yal rrehn ssuma qrib n tin n wiyaḍ s yiwet neɣ snat n tenqiḍin.
- Nadit ɣef rrehn i yesɛan lexlaṣ yettwasenqsen ɣer wadda: 3 ɣef 1 n Diamond deg wadeg n 3¾.
Isteqsiyen
Ala. S 11,11%, ssuma-s d ukkuẓ n tikkal n uḍebsi awrupi. Yeqqim acku d urar arurad u fessus, mačči acku ur yeɣli ara.
Boule mazal yettwaurar deg kra n lkazinu n Faransa. Roulette-18 yettwaurar deg lkazinu n Briṭanya deg yiseggasen n 2010. Pin Ball, Spingo d Lucky Star llan d uraren deg Internet, u Diamond Roulette yeffeɣ seg Atlantic City.
Acku lexlaṣ-is n 31 ɣef 1 iqerreb ɣer lḥeqq, 31,8 ɣef 1, ugar n lexlaṣ n yiwen n rrehn weḥd-s. Yal rrehn yesɛa ssuma-s weḥd-s.
Urar s tusnakt
Ɛerḍet-tent s yiman-nwen qbel. Yal tifrat tettwaffer; ldit-tt mi ara tilim twejdem.
Spingo yessuffuɣ takurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → seg tqenduct n 21 (snat i yal yiwen seg 1 ar 10, yiwet n 0) u yezzi aḍebsi n 25 n yiḥricen (tam i yal yiwen seg kraḍ n yiniten, yiwen azegzaw). Uṭṭun ixelleṣ 9 ɣef 1, yini 2 ɣef 1, u uṭṭun d yini akk 31 ɣef 1. Ḥesbet azal n kraḍ-nni.
Sken-d tifrat
Tiririt Uṭṭun 4,76%, yini 4,00%, uṭṭun d yini 2,48%: rrehn ur nettrebḥ ara aṭas d netta i yerxsen akk.
Uṭṭun: 2 n tkurin deg 21. $1 i yerbḥen yerra-d $10, ihi rrehn yerra-d 2/21 × 10 = 20/21: lmaziyya n 1/21 = 4,76%.
Yini: 8 n yiḥricen deg 25, yerra-d $3: 24/25, lmaziyya n 4%.
Sin-nni akk: takurt d uḍebsi d isufaɣ yemgaraden, ihi tiprubabiliyin ttemsgutent: 2/21 × 8/25 = 16/525. Win yerbḥen yerra-d $32, ihi rrehn yerra-d 16 × 32 = 512 i 525 yettwarehnen: lmaziyya n 13/525 = 2,48%.
LexlaṣidrimenLexlaṣAyen i d-yettak rrehn i yerbḥen, yettwanna «X ɣef 1» nnig rrehn i d-yettuɣalen.Ɣer akk → n lḥeqq yili d 509/16, qrib 31,8 ɣef 1, ihi 31 ɣef 1 yexuṣ s ddaw n yiwen uferdisidrimenAferdisRrehn agejdan s wacu i yettxeddem unagraw neɣ amurar. Inagrawen n usnerni ttwaglamen s yiferdisen akken ad ilin i yal ṭṭabla.Ɣer akk → deg sin u tlatin. Yal rrehn ɣef tfelwit yesɛa azal-is iman-is, u rrhun ur nettrebḥ ara aṭas mačči yal tikkelt d nitni i yugaren deg ssuma.
Deg Roulette-18, rrehn ɣef uzeggaɣrrehnAzeggaɣRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen izeggaɣen. S tefransist: rouge.Ɣer akk → iḍebber 9 seg 19 n wudmawen iddren n zzhaṛ, ixelleṣ lexlaṣ imsawi u yexser azgen kan mi ara d-yeffeɣ 0. Acḥal i yetteklif?
Sken-d tifrat
Tiririt 1/38, qrib 2,63%.
Ḍeqqret zzhaṛ 19 n tikkal, war 00 i yettwaɛawaden. S ulemmas azeggaɣ yeffeɣ-d 9 n tikkal (+9), aberkanrrehnAberkanRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen iberkanen. S tefransist: noir.Ɣer akk → 9 n tikkal (−9) u 0 yiwet n tikkelt, i yettawin azgen n rrehn (−½).
Ačuran: −½ deg 19 n tegrin, d 1/38 = 2,63%.
War tuɣalin n wezgen yili d −1 deg 19, 5,26%, ssuma n yal rrehn nniḍen ɣef zzhaṛ. Tuɣalin n wezgen ɣef yilemaḍebsiIlemTaxxamt tazegzawt tasuft ur yeṭṭif ula d yiwen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi, n ddzina neɣ n tgejdit; d aɣbalu n lmaziyya n lkazinu. Daɣen: yiwen yilem, 0.Ɣer akk → tebḍa lmaziyya ɣef sin, akken txeddem La PartagealugenLa partageAlugen afransis: mi ara d-yeffeɣ yilem, azgen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi yettuɣal-d. Yessenqas lmaziyya n lkazinu ɣef rrhun-a ɣer uzgen, d 1,35%.Ɣer akk → ɣef ṭṭabla tafransist.
Multicolore, yettwaurar deg Monte Carlo deg yiseggasen n 1950, yezzi takurt ɣef 25 n tigezminaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk →: sḍis i yal yiwen seg uzegzaw, uzeggaɣ, umellal d uwraɣ, d yiwet n tegzemt tanilit. Rrehn ɣef yini yettwaxelleṣ s wassaɣ yettwarun ɣef tegzemt anda teḥbes tkurt: 4, 3, 3, 3, 2 d 2 ɣef 1 ɣef sḍis-nni n tigezmin n yal yini, d 24 ɣef 1 ɣef tanilit-nni. Acḥal i yetteklif yal rrehn?
Sken-d tifrat
Tiririt Anili d rrehn n lḥeqq, ur yetteklif acemma. Yal yini nniḍen yetteklif 8%.
Xemmet 25 n tuzzyiwin anda yal tagzemt tettban-d yiwet n tikkelt. Rrehn n $1 ɣef uzegzaw yerbeḥ ɣef sḍis n tigezmin-is, 4 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 = $17, yexser $1 ɣef 19 nniḍen: −$2 deg 25 n tuzzyiwin, 8%.
Anili yerbeḥ $24 yiwet n tikkelt, yexser $1 ɣef 24 n tigezmin nniḍen: d imsawi s tidet.
Urar n lkazinu s rrehn n lḥeqq ur nettili ara aṭas. Ɣer tama n 11,11% n boule, anili d rrehn yiwen deg tzeqqa i yesɛan azal. Bollman (2024) yefka urar d tawuri.
Taḍsa i usgunfu
Yiwen wuṭṭun n lkazinu seg tẓa d 11,11%.
Iɣbula
- Wizard of Odds. “Boule”, “Roulette-18”, “Pin Ball”, “Spingo”, “Lucky Star” d “Diamond Roulette”.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.