Tafizikt n uḍebsi n rulit
Tafizikt n uḍebsi n rulit tettuɣal ɣer uqerru yettezzin, ɣer tkurt ɣef ubrid yeknan, ɣer tam n yimsenfalen d waṭas n umsiwer.
Takurt txessar tazmert-is s umsiwer n tuzzya d uḥbas n lhawa, tettɣelli seg ubrid mi ara yili urured-is ur yezmir ara ad tt-yeṭṭef dinna, u imsenfalen d leḥyuḍ n texxamin ttfesyen-tt send ad teqqim.
Kraḍ n yimecwaren
Tuzzya tesɛa amecwar yettwasbedden, amecwar n usaka d umecwar n tixeṛxeṛt. Ɣef ubrid, takurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → teɛḍel s ttawil ddaw umsiwer n tuzzya d uḥbas n lhawa; adeg-is deg yal akud d-iteddun yezmer ad yettwassen uqbel seg kra n tuzzyiwin yettwaktazalen s wakud. Deg tenqiḍt n uɣelli, tettaǧǧa abrid s urured i d-yesbedd talɣa n ubrid u tettenneḍ ɣef tama yeknanibenkanTama yeknanTamnaḍt yeknan gar ubrid n tkurt d tixxamin, anda llan yimsenfalen.Ɣer akk →. Seg tiyita tamezwarut ɣef umsenfalibenkanAmsenfalYiwen seg yiɣunab n wuzzal ɣef tama yeknan i yesseḍrayen takurt mi ara teɣli. Daɣen: canoe, diamond, pin.Ɣer akk →, amussu yettḥulfu i yimilimitren d yimilisinin: d dagi i tfukk tifin uqbel, u d dagi i tettwaḥrez lmaziyya n lkazinu s tfizikt, mačči s yilugan.
Takurt tettwaǧǧa s 3–4 m/s mgal tanila n uqerru. 10–20 n tuzzyiwin ɣer zdat.
Asizzer s ttawil. Akud n yal tuzzya yettnerni s wazal yettwassnen uqbel. Tussna uqbel tezmer ad tili.
Ddaw n urured kra, akennu n ubrid ur yezmir ara ad yeṭṭef takurt. Tettaǧǧa-t s ≈ 1–1,3 m/s.
Tettenneḍ ɣer daxel ɣef tama yeknan ɣer uqerru.
S umata tewwet yiwen seg tam n yimsenfalen. Tanila d urured ttbeddilen s tikkelt; imgiraden imecṭaḥ uɣalen d imeqqranen.
Tettneggiz ɣef leḥyuḍ n texxamin, s waṭas ɣef kra n leḥyuḍ, tikwal tettuɣal ad teffeɣ.
Teqqim deg texxamt. Afsay seg texxamt «yettwassnen uqbel» s umata yeṭṭef 10–15 n texxamin ɣer yal tama.
Abrid
Abrid n tkurtibenkanAbrid n tkurtAsaru deg tama n uḍebsi anda tettazzal tkurt send ad tesqerdec, ad teɣli. Daɣen: abrid afellay.Ɣer akk → d abrid yeɣzan drus qrib n yiri, s ukennu amecṭuḥ ɣer daxel. Takurt i iteddun s tazrit tettwaḍeggar ɣer beṛṛa ɣef lḥiḍ n ubrid; mi ara teɛḍel, amur n tẓeyt i d-yettaken ɣer ukennu yettɣelleb u tettenneḍ seg-s. Arured anda yeḍra waya yeqqen ɣer tiɣmert n ubrid d uqqar-is, mačči ɣer tezmert n uḍeqqer, d ayen i yettaǧǧan arured n uɣelli qrib ur yettbeddil ara ma yella arured n uḍeqqer yettbeddil. Arured n uḍeqqer d netta i yesbadun acḥal n tuzzyiwin ara tesɛu tkurt, mačči anda ara teɣli.
Aqerru yettezzin
Aqerru yettezzinibenkanAqerru yettezzin (rotor)Aḥric n uḍebsi yettezzin i yeṭṭfen tixxamin.Ɣer akk → yezzi s wazal n 0,3 ɣer 0,5 n tuzzyiwin deg tsint, 11 ɣer 18 n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → deg tsint, u arured-is yettenqis s ttawil aṭas acku arulman-is yelha u tazayt-is d tameqqrant; ikrupiyen ttarnan-as gar tunnḍiwin. Deg tikli n tkurt n 15 n tsinin, aqerru yezzi seg semmus ɣer sa n tikkal, ihi taxxamt yellan ddaw tenqiḍt n uɣelli teqqen ɣer wadeg n uqerru deg teswiɛt n uɣelli. Tuccḍa deg wakud n timrawt n tsint d yiwet neɣ snat n texxamin; azgen n tsint d rbeɛ n uḍebsi.
Imsenfalen d leḥyuḍ n texxamin
Tam n yimsenfalen ɣef tama yeknan llan akken ad rren abrid n tkurt d agacuran; iḍebsiyen war nutni, deg lqern wis 18, ttwaɣelben s yimuraren i yettɛassan aɣelli kan. Leḥyuḍ n texxaminibenkanLḥiḍ n taxxamtLḥiḍ n wuzzal gar snat n texxamin ɣef uḍebsi.Ɣer akk → n tura wezzilen u tikwal knan akken takurt ad tneggez ɣef waṭas n texxamin send ad teqqim. Snat-a d afsay s lebɣi: amfares yebna ibenk i yettḥuddun talɣut i d-yettak umecwar n ubrid. Abeṭṭu n ufsay yettwaktazalen ɣef yiḍebsiyen n tura yehri u yemṣada qrib ɣef snat n tama, s wazal yettuɣalen ugar qrib n texxamt i yettwaṛǧan u s yidisan i d-yezzin i uḍebsi meṛṛa.
Acuɣer aɣlab n rulit s tfizikt ur ibeddel ara aṭas taprubabilit
Amur yettwasbedden yezmer ad yettwaktazal, u yettwaktazel: iselkimen yettwalsan seg 1961 d tikamiṛatin n tilifunen seg yiseggasen n 2000 ḥesben akud n uɣelli d wadeg n uqerru akken ilaq i usemmi n tegzemtaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk → n uɣelli. Amur n tixeṛxeṛt ur yezmir ara ad yettwaktazal, ad yettwaglem kan s tidaddanin. Ayen yelhan akk i yezmer ad t-yexdem win yettḥawalen ad iẓer uqbel d asers n rrehn ɣef tegzemt yezzin i wadeg yettwaṛǧan, u ad yeqbel abeṭṭu n ufsay i, ɣef uḍebsi yettwaḥerzen akken iwata, ur ibeddel ara aṭas taprubabilit. Small d Tse (2012) sbeggnen lmaziyya n kra n yifmiḍiyen deg tegnatin n tnarit s tmuɣli meṛṛa ɣer uḍebsi d rrhun yettwaqeblen deffir wakud. Istudyuten ur qebblen ula d yiwet seg-sent.
Ɣer wanda ara tkemmlem
Tafizikt n uḍebsi n rulit tebḍa ɣef yisebtar n tfizikt n tkurt, n usizzer, n urured n uqerru d urured n tkurt, i yettawin yal amecwar s yiktazalen. Asebter n urar n lmaziyya yettmeslay ɣef wayen xedmen yemdanen yis-sen d wayen yeḍran.
Isteqsiyen
Mačči ɣer texxamt; afsay yehri aṭas. Ahat ɣer tegzemt, ma yella akrupi yettɛawad aḍeqqer-is s telqayt meqqren: d tadabit n tzmamt n ukrupi.
D lɛada seg lqern wis 19. Ma drus, ad fesyen drus; ma aṭas, tama yeknan ad tuɣal d tamacint n pinball. Tam s tnilawin yettemlawin d amsefham amagnu.
Ih, i umsiwer n ubrid, d ayen i yettaǧǧan iselkimen n tifin uqbel ad ɛiwden aseggem yal kra n tuzzyiwin, u yiwen n uḍebsi yettbeddil deg yal ass.
Taḍsa i usgunfu
Tettwassen uqbel alamma d amsenfal amezwaru. Syin tafizikt tettili ɣer tama n lkazinu.
Iɣbula
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.