Asizzer
Yiwen kan n umur n tuzzya i yezmren ad yettwassen uqbel s tidet.
Asizzer n tkurt ɣef ubrid yeṭṭafar tazlagt ur nettbeddil ara s tikkelt, i d-sbadun umsiwer d uḥbas n lhawa. Seg wakud n kra n tuzzyiwin, tzemrem ad tḥesbem akud n uɣelli ar yiwen n umur n tsint. Afsay deffir-s yessenger tuget n telqayt-a.
Tamudemt
Ḥesbet takurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → am tin yettɛeḍḍilen ddaw umur ur nettbeddil ara a (amsiwer n tuzzya) d umur yeqqnen ɣer urured b·v (aḥbas n lhawa d tezmert yettruḥun ilmend n urured): dv/dt = −(a + bv). Tifrat d aqrab asfelkan ɣer urured n uɣelli. Akud n tuzzya T = 2πr/v ihi yettnerni yal tuzzya s wazal yettnernin. Ḥesbet a d b seg tuzzyiwin timezwura, u tuzzyiwin d-yeqqimen, d wakud n uɣelli, ad d-ḍefrent. Ulac acemma n warussin dagi; d tamikanikt n useggas amezwaru ɣef tkurt deg ubrid.
Ayen i d-yettawi usiḍen
Akud n uɣelli s 0,2 n tsint, s uqerru yettezzinibenkanAqerru yettezzin (rotor)Aḥric n uḍebsi yettezzin i yeṭṭfen tixxamin.Ɣer akk → n 15 n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → deg tsint, yessekna-d taxxamt yellan ddaw tenqiḍt n uɣelli s wazal n kraḍ n texxamin. D lexbar yelhan i win yettḥawalen ad iẓer uqbel. Lexbar n diri d akken takurt syin tɛedda tama yeknanibenkanTama yeknanTamnaḍt yeknan gar ubrid n tkurt d tixxamin, anda llan yimsenfalen.Ɣer akk →, tewwet amsenfalibenkanAmsenfalYiwen seg yiɣunab n wuzzal ɣef tama yeknan i yesseḍrayen takurt mi ara teɣli. Daɣen: canoe, diamond, pin.Ɣer akk → u tettneggiz ɣef leḥyuḍ n texxaminibenkanLḥiḍ n taxxamtLḥiḍ n wuzzal gar snat n texxamin ɣef uḍebsi.Ɣer akk →, u taxxamt taneggarut tebḍa ɣef ubeṭṭu n 20 ɣer 30 n texxamin n tehri. Telqayt n umecwar n ubrid tettwačč s waṭas s ufsay n umecwar n uɣelli.
Ayen d-yeqqimen
Ma yella abeṭṭu n ufsay yesɛa adeg anda tettɣelli ugar, akken takurt ad teɣli qrib n texxamt n uɣelli ugar n wayen yettilin s tegnit, ihi asers n rrehn ɣef tegzemtaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk → yezzin i texxamt i yettwaṛǧan yettak-d lmaziyya tamecṭuḥt. Small d Tse (2012) ktazlen aya deg tnarit s tkamiṛat u ufan afmiḍi n tiyita deg tegzemt i yettwaṛǧan yuli aṭas akken ad ibeddel lmaziyya n lkazinutusnaktLmaziyya n lkazinuAḥric n yal rrehn i teṭṭef lkazinu s ulemmas: 2,70% deg rulit tawrupit.Ɣer akk → d lmaziyya n umurar n kra n yifmiḍiyen. Tignatin-nsen, tamuɣli meṛṛa seg uflla, aḍebsi yettwassnen, rrhun yettwasersen deffir uḍeqqer n tkurt, ulac-itent ɣef ṭṭabla srid.
Ayen yettbeddilen seg usrag ɣer wayeḍ
Sin n yimsukal-a ur ttwasbedden ara i yal aḍebsi. Eudaemons, i yettaktazalen aḍebsi n lkazinu aṭas n yiseggasen deg yiseggasen n 1970, ufan belli d lhawa i yessɛeḍḍilen ugar, ugar n ubrid, u belli takurt tesɛa azal: takurt n Teflon texser arured-is s tazrit ugar s sin n tikkal ɣef tin yettwaxedmen s tanga n tkurt n bilyaṛ. Walan daɣen ayen ḥesben uqbel yezleq s 5 ɣer 10% deg usrag mi ara tettwaldi tewwurt neɣ ibeddel lḥal, acku lhawa yeɣɣan neɣ yeẓẓayen tessɛeḍḍil takurt zik. Ahil-nsen ihi yeḥrez iɣewwaren yemgaraden i urured n usizzer n tkurt d urured s wacu tettaǧǧa abrid, u amurar yettwenniz-iten akk d sin ɣef yal ṭṭabla, u tikkelt nniḍen yal mi ara yebdu wayen ḥesben uqbel ad yezleq.
Acuɣer Tanarit tessefham aya
Mačči akken yal yiwen ad t-yexdem. Akken ad d-yesken ayen yellan s tidet deg tegacurt n wurar: amecwar yettwasbedden i ḥerrzent lkazinu s umdal zik n rrhun d umḍan adday n tuzzyiwin n tkurt, d umecwar n tixeṛxeṛt i ḥerrzent s yimsenfalen d leḥyuḍ wezzilen. Amurar i yefhemen aya yefhem acuɣer 2,70% teḥrez i lkazinu.
Ad txedmem amḍan s yiman-nwen
Ktazlet akud n tkurt zdat n umsenfal ɣef yal asuddem i kraḍ n tuzzyiwin u kemmlet asiḍen ɣer zdat; ad tilim ar yiwet n tuzzya n uɣelli deg tuget n tikkal, d amecwar yettwasbedden i yetteddun akken i t-id-nglem. Syin walit anda teɣli tkurt s tidet ɣef texxamt yellan ddaw tenqiḍt n uɣelli, u arut asiḍen i xemsin n tuzzyiwin. Asiḍen-a d abeṭṭu n ufsay, u tehri-s d tiririt ɣef «acuɣer ur yezmir ara ad yettwaɣleb?».
Tasemselt
Isteqsiyen
Ala. Amsiwer yettbeddil s uɣebbar, tiɣmi d uqdim. Iselkimen n tifin uqbel ttɛawaden asemṣada yal tuzzya.
Kraḍ n tuzzyiwin ttakent-d asiḍen n uqrib; semmus neɣ sḍis, asiḍen yelhan. Amḍan adday n ukkuẓ n yistudyuten yeǧǧa drus n wakud i rrehn, u rrhun mdlen ɣas akken.
Kra, i kra n wakud, s yibenkan, send ad beddlent lkazinu tarrayt-nsent u ad d-ḍefren yisaḍufen. Walit urar n lmaziyya.
Urar s tusnakt
Ɛerḍet-tent s yiman-nwen qbel. Yal tifrat tettwaffer; ldit-tt mi ara tilim twejdem.
Deg tmudemt n usekned n Thorp ɣef tkurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → i yessizziren, ma yella yiwen n unezzi ɣef ubrid yeṭṭef T n tsinin, takurt tesɛa 1/(e^(3T/20) − 1) − 10/3 n yinezziyen i d-yeqqimen qbel ad teffeɣ seg ubrid. Acḥal i d-yeqqimen deffir unezzi n wezgen n tasint, d deffir unezzi n tasint meṛṛa? S wacḥal i tessmutti tifin uqbel tuccḍa n wakud n 0,012 n tasint ɣer T = 0,8?
Sken-d tifrat
Tiririt Qrib 9,5 n yinezziyen deffir unezzi n wezgen n tasint d 2,85 deffir unezzi n tasint. Tuccḍa tessmutti tifin uqbel s qrib 0,12 n unezzi, qrib 4½ n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk →.
T = 0,5: 3T/20 = 0,075 u e^0,075 ≈ 1,0779, ihi 1/0,0779 ≈ 12,84, u 12,84 − 3,33 ≈ 9,51 n yinezziyen. T = 1: e^0,15 ≈ 1,1618, 1/0,1618 ≈ 6,18, u 6,18 − 3,33 ≈ 2,85. Anezzi s tɣawla yebɣa ad yini aṭas n yinezziyen i d-yeqqimen, u anezzi i yeṭṭawlen s snat n tikkal yeǧǧa ddaw n tulut-nsen.
Ɣer T = 0,8 tasemselt tettak-d 4,51 n yinezziyen; ɣer T = 0,812 tettak-d 4,39. Tuccḍa n 12 n yiḥricen seg agim n tasint, qrib akud i tettaṭṭef tkurt akken ad tezzi tehri-s, tessmutti tifin uqbel s 0,12 n unezzi: qrib 4½ n texxamin n uḍebsi n 37 n texxamin. Tuccḍa-a iman-is d tuget n 5,5 n texxamin i yettaǧǧa ubeṭṭu n tuccḍiwin n Thorp i uktazal n wakud n tkurt (walit Urar n lmaziyya), d ayagi i yerran tamrilt, mačči leḥsab, d talast n win yettafen zik.
Taḍsa i usgunfu
Tettwassen uqbel alamma d aɣelli. Syin imsenfalen.
Iɣbula
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”