Tarrayt
Amek i d-yettwafak yal uṭṭun deg usmel-a, akken yal yiwen seg-sen ad yezmer ad yettwaɛiwed.
Akk uṭṭunen bnan ɣef uḍebsi awrupi imsawi: 37 n texxamin s yiwet n tprubabilit, tuzzyiwin timanayintusnaktTuzzyiwin timanayinYal tuzzya ɣur-s tiprubabiliyin kif kif, ama d acu i d-yeffɣen yakan. D tagejdit n yal asiḍen deg usmel-a.Ɣer akk →, lexlaṣidrimenLexlaṣAyen i d-yettak rrehn i yerbḥen, yettwanna «X ɣef 1» nnig rrehn i d-yettuɣalen.Ɣer akk → 36/n − 1, ulac la partagealugenLa partageAlugen afransis: mi ara d-yeffeɣ yilem, azgen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi yettuɣal-d. Yessenqas lmaziyya n lkazinu ɣef rrhun-a ɣer uzgen, d 1,35%.Ɣer akk → ma ulac ayen i d-yennan nniḍen. Tisimulasyunin sseqdacent amsirew s uẓar u qqarent-d aẓar-nsen d tiddi n tegrumma.
Uṭṭunen s tesemselt tamedlant
TaprubabilittusnaktTaprubabilitAzal n yiwen ugmuḍ ad d-yeḍru, seg 0 ɣer 1 neɣ seg 0% ɣer 100%. Yiwen wuṭṭun: 1/37 = 2,70%.Ɣer akk → = uṭṭunen yettwaṭṭfen / 37. Azal yettwaṛǧantusnaktAzal yettwaṛǧanAlemmas n ugmuḍ n yal rrehn deg uɣawas aɣezfan. −1/37 n rrehn i yal rrehn amagnu awrupi.Ɣer akk → = −rrehn/37. TavaryanstusnaktTavaryansAktazal n wamek i d-ttwazzaren igmaḍ i tama n wazal yettwaṛǧan. Meqqret i rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun, meẓẓiyet i rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi.Ɣer akk → i yal aferdisidrimenAferdisRrehn agejdan s wacu i yettxeddem unagraw neɣ amurar. Inagrawen n usnerni ttwaglamen s yiferdisen akken ad ilin i yal ṭṭabla.Ɣer akk → = p·W² + (1 − p) − EV². Izrar: (18/37)ᵏ. Lxeṭṛ n uɣelluytusnaktLxeṭṛ n uɣelluyTaprubabilit n uxsar n ugerruj meṛṛa send ad tawḍem iswi neɣ amḍan n tuzzyiwin.Ɣer akk →: tasemselt n uɣelluy n umqemmer s p = 18/37. Asmiḍen n tiddi n tegrumma: aqarab anaway n ukayad n yiwen n ufmiḍi s α = 0,05 ɣef yiwet n tama d tazmert n 80%.
Tisimulasyunin
Tiɣimiyin Monte Carlo sseqdacent rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawirrehnRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawiAzeggaɣ/aberkan, aryan/uyug, afellay/adday. 18 n wuṭṭunen, ixelleṣ 1:1.Ɣer akk → s tprubabilit n rrbeḥ 18/37. Rrhun ttwasbadun ɣer tlast n ṭṭablaṭṭablaTalast n ṭṭablaRrehn adday d rrehn afellay i yettwasirgen. Talast tafellayt d ayen i yeḥebsen inagrawen n usnegmu.Ɣer akk → d ugerrujidrimenAgerrujAkk idrimen yettwaǧǧan i wurar. Asefrek n ugerruj d tagrut: acḥal seg-s ara tesrem i yal rrehn d yal taɣimit.Ɣer akk → i d-yeqqimen; taɣimit tettekfu s umḍan n tuzzyiwin neɣ mi ara yekfu ugerruj. Ilugan n unagraw n usnernitastratijitAnagraw n usnerniYal alugen i yettbeddilen rrehn ɣef leḥsab n yigmaḍ yezrin. Asnerni deffir lexsara yessali-t deffir lexsara, asnerni deffir rrbeḥ deffir rrbeḥ.Ɣer akk → ttwarun deg yal asebter n tstratijit. Iẓuran ttwasbadun akken yal aɣewwar ad yettwaɛiwed seg tirza ɣer tayeḍ; Asimulatur n tɣimit yesskan-d aẓar-is am wuṭṭun n tɣimit.
Ikayaden adadanen
Isebtar n umyal n uḍebsi sseqdacen akayad n tmeṣṣadt χ² n Pearson s 36 n tifesniwin n tlelli (df)tanaritTifesniwin n tlelliAmḍan n yizalen imanayen deg yiwen usiḍen adaddan. I wakayad χ² ɣef 37 n texxamin d 36, acku imiḍanen ilaq ad msawin d tmerna.Ɣer akk →. Azal ptanaritAzal pTaprubabilit n wannar n yiwen umeẓlay ameqqran am win yettwaẓren neɣ ugar ma yella uḍebsi imsawi.Ɣer akk → yekka-d seg tesɣent gamma ur nemmid ara yettwaseggmen. Ikayaden n tegzemtaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk → sskanen-d abeɛɛed s ubeɛɛed alugantusnaktAbeɛɛed aluganAẓar amkuẓ n tavaryans; ameccaq n umata gar ugmuḍ d wazal yettwaṛǧan.Ɣer akk → n ubeṭṭu asnaw s p = tixxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk →/37.
Aqarab
Ifmiḍiyen ttbanen s sin n wuṭṭunen deffir tefrayt, idrimen ɣer ssantim, u ssantim ttwakksen ɣef yidrimen n yidularen ummiden. Leḥsab gar-asen ur yettwaqrab ara.
Taḍsa i usgunfu
Yal uṭṭun da yezmer ad yettwaɛiwed u ad d-yeffeɣ kif kif.