Taɣuri n umezruy n tuzzyiwin yettwasuffɣen
Aṭas n yimsedduyen srid ssuffuɣen amazray meṛṛa n tuzzyiwin. Ha-t-an amek ara t-teɣrem, amek ara t-tessizdgem, d wayen i yezmer d wayen ur yezmir ara ad awen-t-id-yini.
Amazray n tuzzyiwin d tabdart n yigmaḍ s wakud n yal yiwen, s waṭas i yal ṭṭabla. D tanga tazegzawt n tesleḍt n umyal ma yella, u ma yella kan, yessekna-d yiwen uqerru n uḍebsiibenkanAqerru n uḍebsiYiwen unamek d rotor: aḥric yettezzin i yeṭṭfen uṭṭunen.Ɣer akk → deg yiwen n wakud war aḥraz. Tuget ur xeddmen ara aya, u tuget-nsen wezzilen aṭas.
Ayen yellan deg umazray
Akud (azemz d usrag), isem n ṭṭabla, agmuḍ (0–36), tikwal isem n ukrupi d usulay n tunnḍa. D aseklas n wayen yura uqeddac n wurar, ihi d uṣlib. Ayen ur yesɛi ara s waṭas d tamagit n uqerru yettezzinibenkanAqerru yettezzin (rotor)Aḥric n uḍebsi yettezzin i yeṭṭfen tixxamin.Ɣer akk → n tidet yellan ɣef ṭṭabla-nni deg wakud-nni, d ayen i tesra tesleḍt n umyal, acku iqerra ttwabeddlen gar tqebcinibenkanTaqbuctAḥric n berra n uḍebsi ur nettembiwil: iri n usɣar neɣ n tɣawsa yemxalaḍen i yeṭṭfen abrid n tkurt d tama yeknan, anda yettezzi uqerru.Ɣer akk →.
Asizdeg n yisefka
Senqdet ma llan wakuden n uḥbas (aḥraz, amdal), isulayen n tunnḍiwin yettwaɛawden, igmaḍ beṛṛa n 0–36 (00 ɣef ṭṭabla tamarikanit, tuzzyiwin n ukayad), d yibeddilen deg ubeddel n yikrupiyen i yezmren ad d-sbeggnen abeddel n uqerru. Bḍut isefka d iḥricen deg yal aḥbas yugaren kra n yisragen; ḥesbet iḥricen ahat d iḍebsiyen yemgaraden. Ma yella isem n ṭṭabla d asulay kan, ḥesbet belli aqerru yettwabeddel ma drus yal ayyur.
Aselkem n yikayaden
I yal aḥric: chi-square ɣef 37 n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → (df 36), izalen z n tigezminaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk → s tuddsa n uḍebsi, d ukayad abinumyal i yal taxxamt i ɣef tesɛim ccekk send tamuɣli. Syin sexelḍet igmaḍ deg uḥric u ɛiwdet aselkem: tidaddanin yettwaxelḍen d tamuɣli n umsawi s tiddi-a n tegrumma swaswa, u ma yella tidaddanin-nwen n tidet ur llint ara s wudem iban beṛṛa n tlisa n tid yettwaxelḍen, ur d-tufim acemma. Amesleḍ n umyal n uḍebsi yexeddem aya deg yiminig.
Ayen ara d-tafem
Ahuzzu n tegnit. Uṭṭunen yeḥmanlexrafaUṭṭun yeḥmanUṭṭun i d-yeffɣen ugar n wayen yettwaṛǧan melmi kan. Ɣef uḍebsi imsawi ur d-yettbeggin acemma.Ɣer akk → s 13–15 n tikkal i yal 300 n tuzzyiwin, tigezmin s ±1,5 sigma, chi-square azal n 36 ± 8. Tikwal aḥric s p < 0,05, d ayen i yexeddem yiwen n uḥric seg ɛecrin. Ḥesbet-it d ssebba i tmuɣli ɣer uḥric d-iteddun n yiwet n ṭṭabla, u ṛǧut ad yenger. Deffir tnac n yimazrayen, ad tlemdem amek tettban tegacurt s tiddi n tegrumma n kra n yigiman, d ayen yenfaɛen akk i tezmer Tanarit ad t-tesselmed.
Acu i nfeɛen yimazrayen
Aserwes n wayen i d-yenna ukrupi d useklas. Aktazal n urured (tuzzyiwin deg usrag) i usiḍen n lexsara yettwaṛǧan. Almad n wugur n wass n tlalittusnaktUgur n wass n tlalitAcḥal n yimdanen i ilaqen send ad yili, s tprubabilit, sin i yesɛan yiwen wass n tlalit, neɣ acḥal n tuzzyiwin send ad d-yuɣal yiwen wuṭṭun. Ɣef uḍebsi n 37 n texxamin, 8 n tuzzyiwin qadrent akken taprubabilit ad tili ugar n uzgen.Ɣer akk →, n teɣzi n yizrar d ubeṭṭu n wuṭṭunen yeḥman ɣef yisefka n tidet. Abni n uḥulfu i yessellken idrimen: tamudemt deg 500 n tuzzyiwin mačči d tamudemt. U, s tiẓri, d asebter amezwaru n tkerrast n umyal ara yerr uḥraz n tura ur nesɛi azal send ad teččar.
Isteqsiyen
Tidrit. Tizeqqiwin sskanent 20 n wuṭṭunen u ḥerrzent wiyaḍ i yiman-nsent.
I tefrawant, u acku imuraren ssutuṛen. Ur asen-yesqam acemma ɣef uḍebsi yettwaḥerzen.
Chi-square i uḥric meṛṛa. Ma ur d-yenni acemma, ḥebset.
Taḍsa i usgunfu
Isefka d tidet. Aḍebsi i d-glamen ahat ulac-it dayen.
Iɣbula
- Pearson, K. “On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable…”
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.