0321519421225173462713361130823105241633120143192218297281235326

Fehmet rulit. Mačči anda ara tsersem ijiṭunen kan.

Lemdet ilugan, serset kra n rrhun n usileɣ, syin ɛerḍet tistratijiyin. Ifecka-nneɣ d tsimulasyunin-nneɣ sseknent-awen-d amek tteddu rulit, tuzzya s tuzzya.

37 n texxamin s umyizwer n uḍebsi, 0 d amezwaru · azeggaɣ 18 · aberkan 18 · azegzaw 1
Ulac rrehn yettwafernen
tixxamin37 (0–36)
lmaziyya n lkazinu2,70% ɣef yal rrehn
ilemyiwen, azegzaw
awellehserset taɣerdayt ɣef texxamt · sitet ɣef ṭṭabla
01 · Rulit deg 5 n tesdatin

Yiwet n tunnḍa, seg tazwara ar taggara

Ɣret tamsirt meṛṛa →
01
Serset ijiṭunen
Serset ijiṭunen ɣef wuṭṭunen neɣ deg tenkulin i ten-yezzin. Tzemrem ad tsersem aṭas n rrhun deg yiwet n tikkelt.
02
Takurt tettwaḍeqqer
Akrupi yezzi aḍebsi ɣer yiwet n tama, yessazzal takurt ɣef yiri ɣer tama nniḍen.
03
Ulac rrhun nniḍen
Akrupi yesserwat afus-is nnig tfelwit. Ijiṭunen ur zmiren ara ad ttwasmuttin.
04
Takurt teɣli
Takurt teqqim deg yiwet seg 37 n texxamin. Akrupi yecreḍ uṭṭun i d-yeffɣen ɣef ṭṭabla.
05
Lexlaṣ
Ijiṭunen yexsren ttwakksen qbel, syin wid yerbḥen ttwaxelṣen s wassaɣ yettwasbedden n rrehn.
02 · Fehmet ṭṭabla

Uṭṭunen-nni yiwen, lǧiran nniḍen

Sitet ɣef wuṭṭunen akken ad tsersem ijiṭunen ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun, neɣ ɣef tenkult tazɣarayt akken ad teḍebrem agraw. Aḍebsi nnig-a yesberraz tixxamin-nni yiwet, ihi ad twalim belli lǧiran ɣef ṭṭabla mačči d lǧiran ɣef uḍebsi.

Abennay n rrhun · $10 i yal uṭṭun
tixxamin37 (0–36)
lmaziyya n lkazinu2,70% ɣef yal rrehn
ilemyiwen, azegzaw
awellehserset taɣerdayt ɣef texxamt · sitet ɣef ṭṭabla
03 · Tiwsatin tigejdanin n rrhun

Drus n wuṭṭunen, lexlaṣ meqqren, yiwet n lmaziyya

lexlaṣ = 36/n − 1 · lmaziyya = 1/37
04 · Taprubabilit d lmaziyya n lkazinu

Ansi d-tekka lmaziyya n lkazinu n 2,70%

Tiririt tawezlant
Rulit tawrupit tesɛa lmaziyya n lkazinu n 2,70% ɣef yal rrehn amagnu.
Acuɣer
Lkazinu txelleṣ rrbeḥ ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun s 35:1 ɣas llan 37 n yigmaḍ i yezmren ad d-ffɣen. Assaɣ n lḥeqq yili d 36:1. Aferdis-nni yexuṣṣen, yettwabḍan ɣef 37 n yigmaḍ, d lmaziyya.
Tasemselt
EV = (1/37)·(+35) + (36/37)·(−1)
   = 35/37 − 36/37
   = −1/37 ≈ −0,0270
Tusnakt meṛṛa →
Yiwen n rrehn, kraḍ n yiḍebsiyen
Tawrupit
37 n texxamin · 1 n yilem
2,70%
Tamarikanit
38 n texxamin · 0 d 00
5,26%
Tafransist
37 n texxamin · La Partage
1,35%
Ilugan ifransisen bḍan lmaziyya ɣef sin ɣef rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi kan: mi ara d-yeffeɣ yilem, La Partage terra-d azgen n rrehn, En Prison teṭṭef-it i tuzzya nniḍen. Ayen meṛṛa deg usmel-a yebna ɣef uḍebsi awrupi, ala ma yettwanna-d nniḍen.
05 · Tastratijit

Ayen xeddmen s tidet yinagrawen n rrhun

S Martingale, tessnernayem rrehn s snat deffir yal lexsara. Rrbeḥ amecṭuḥ yezmer ad yemɣer, syin azrar n lexsara yezmer ad t-yekkes akk. Lexsara yettwaṛǧan teqqim d 2,70% i yal adular yettwarehnen.

lexsara #rrehn d-iteddunamatu yettwarehnenp(awaḍ)
0$10$10100,00%
1$20$3051,35%
2$40$7026,37%
3$80$15013,54%
4$160$3106,95%
5$320$6303,57%
6$640$1 2701,83%
7$1 280$2 5500,94%
Rrehn n tazwara $10, talast n ṭṭabla $500. Deffir sḍis n lexsarat, rrehn d-iteddun d $640, nnig talast: anagraw yerreẓ s lexsara n $630. Taprubabilit n sḍis n lexsarat ṭṭafarent ɣef uzeggaɣ d (19/37)^6 = 1,83%, qrib yiwet n tikkelt deg 55 n yiɛraḍen.
Martingale mgal rrehn ur nettbeddil · yiwet n teɣimit s uẓar150 n tuzzyiwin · azeggaɣ · taggara: mart +$680 · ur nettbeddil −$120
+$690−$260
MartingaleUr nettbeddil $10Selkmet 10 000 n tɣimiyin →
06 · Tanarit n rulit

Uṭṭunen yeḥman, s umata, d ahuzzu n tegnit kan

Aḍebsi imsawi yettak-d yal tikkelt tigrummiwin ur nemsawa ara. Tanarit tḍebber tafizikt n uḍebsi d tkurt, tifin n umyal, tiddi n tegrumma d tidaddanin i yettusran akken ad nemyez lɛib n tidet seg uzrar n zzher.

tuzzyiwin370
taxxamt yeḥman aṭas20 · 16 n tikkal (yettwaṛǧu 10)
chi-square (df 36)32,8
azal p0,62
taggraytulac abeggen n umyal
Kcem ɣer Tnarit →
Tikkal yettwalan i yal taxxamt · amyizwer n uḍebsiyettwaṛǧu 10 i yal yiwet
Tagrumma n uḍebsi imsawi s uẓar. Taxxamt yesɛan ini aberkan akk tettban-d am «uṭṭun yeḥman»; akayad chi-square yenna-d belli talɣa meṛṛa d tin n yal ass.
07 · Ifecka imyigawen

Ḥesbet s yiman-nwen

Ifecka meṛṛa →
08 · Rulit srid

Aḍebsi n tidet, takamiṛat, d wakud n rrhun

Ṭṭabla srid tettazen aḍebsi n tidet seg ustudyu. Agmuḍ yeqqar-it ukrupi d unagraw n tifin s tkamiṛat, syin yettwazen ɣer ugdil n yal amurar. Tiprubabiliyin d tid n rulit tawrupit; ayen yettbeddilen d arured, aɛeṭṭel d wakud n rrhun.

Amek tteddu rulit srid →
00:00
Aḍebsi n ustudyu
Aḍebsi n tidet, s umata 80 cm, yezzi-t ukrupi
n tidet
00:00
Takamiṛatin d usettengel
Tavidyut seg waṭas n tmiwin, tettwazen ɣer ugdil-nwen
~1–3 n tsinin
00:20
Akud n rrhun
Yeldi deffir lexlaṣ yezrin, yemdel ɣer «ulac rrhun nniḍen»
15–30 n tsinin
00:45
Tifin n ugmuḍ
Akrupi yesentem; tifin s tkamiṛat teqqar-d taxxamt
< 1 n tasint
00:50
Lexlaṣ
Aqeddac yexelleṣ rrhun, tavidyut tesskan-d tamatart
s wudem awurman
09 · Amezruy d yidles

Seg twaxxamt n Pascal ar Monte Carlo

Amezruy meṛṛa →
1655Aḍebsi n PascalBlaise Pascal yettarem tamacint n umussu ur nfennu; aḍebsi yettezzin yeqqim deffir tikti-nni.
1796ParisYiwen wungal yeglem-d rulit s 0 d 00 deg uxxam n wurar n Palais-Royal.
1843Bad HomburgFrançois d Louis Blanc sekcmen aḍebsi s yiwen yilem akken ad ɣelben lkazinu nniḍen s ssuma.
1863Monte CarloBlanc yeṭṭef lkazinu n Munaku; yiwen yilem yuɣal d alugen n Urupa.
qrib 1880Aḍebsi n JaggerJoseph Jagger yessekyad iḍebsiyen ddurat, yesseqdec yiwen s umyal deg Monte Carlo.
1891Charles WellsWells «yesserreẓ lbanka» aṭas n tikkal; tadyant-a tuɣal d tizlit n music-hall.
10 · Snirmet taskiwt n tmussni

236 n yisebtar, yiwen i yal tamussni