Joseph Jagger: tastratijit n rulit deg Monte Carlo

Ayen i d-skanen yisemmaden

Joseph Hobson Jagger ilul ass n 2 Ctembeṛ 1830 deg Shelf, gar Bradford d Halifax. Yezweǧ Matilda Townend deg ɛecrin n yiseggasen, sɛan ukkuẓ n warraw. Yexdem deg ttjaṛa n yiceṭṭiḍen tudert-is meṛṛa: d amxeddem n lmexzen, d amcarek deg yiwet n tnezzut i yettheggin ifilen n uẓeṭṭa, d win yettfakkan axeddim n yiceṭṭiḍen deg Manchester. Amḍan n yimezdaɣ n 1861 yeqqar-as d awkil n lqeṭn d yiceṭṭiḍen, tawṣit-is n 1881 d amfares. Ulac lkaɣeḍ i s-yeqqaren d amsenday. Awal-a, d «amikanisyan», kkan-d seg yidlisen ɣef Monte Carlo.

Deg Yebrir 1860, tanezzut-is n Manchester teɣli, London Gazette tura-t gar yimdanen ur nezmir ara ad xelṣen ttrusa-nsen ara yettwasellen deg Lancaster Castle. Mmi-s amecṭuḥ akk yesɛa sin n yiseggasen. Tamaru n tudert-is Anne Fletcher, d yelli-s n yelli-s n yelli-s n yelli-s n gma-s d tamazrayt n wayla adelsan, tufa-d tilɣa-nni, tufa-d twacult mazal-itt txelleṣ ttrusa xmesṭac n yiseggasen deffir. Ur tufi ara aɣelluy n tnezzut-is deg 1880 neɣ 1881, ɣas akken aṭas n yiɣmisen rnan-t-id syin.

Taqsiḍt akken tettwaḍebɛ i tikkelt tamezwarut

Aglam amezwaru d Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play n Victor Bethell (1901). Bethell yeqqar-as «Jaggers», d argaz n Yorkshire, d amikanisyan s uxeddim, ur d-yefki ara isem amezwaru neɣ aseggas. Deg tmacahut-is, Jaggers yexelleṣ sḍis n yimaruyen, yesqqim-iten ɣef ṭṭwabel yemgaraden akken ad arun yal uṭṭun ass meṛṛa, deffir yiwen wayyur yufa-d aḥric aḍeɛfan deg yal aḍebsi. Netta d yirgazen-is rebḥen £120 000. Lkazinu tebda tettbeddil iḍebsiyen seg ṭṭabla ɣer tayeḍ yal iḍ, Jaggers yettɛeqqil-iten s ticraḍ timecṭuḥin, ajerreḥ neɣ tinqiḍt deg ṣṣbeɣ. Yexser £40 000 seg rrbeḥ, iṛuḥ s wazal n £80 000, d ayen yellan, s 25 n yifrank i yal apund n zzman-nni, sin n yimelyunen n yifrank. Azemz kan n Bethell d akken ayen-a meṛṛa yeḍra-d «ugar n ɛecrin n yiseggasen aya».

Bethell yura-d sin n tmerwin n yiseggasen deffir ayen yeḍran, ur d-isemma ula d yiwen n unagi. Fletcher tnuda deg yiɣmisen n temnaḍt, n tmurt d yiberraniyen, ur tufi ara isallen ɣef rrbeḥ-a, yerna mi yura baba-s i lkazinu, nnan-as lekwaɣeḍ n tallit-nni ttwasengren.

Amek temɣer teqsiḍt

Yal amaru i d-yusan deffir yerna-d kra, yerna d tirniwin-a i yessen tuget n medden.

Melmi i yella din

Fletcher terra tarzeft tamezwarut ɣer 1880 neɣ 1881 s ukkuẓ n yibeggnen. Jagger ulac-it deg uxxam-is deg umḍan n yimezdaɣ n Yebrir 1881, anda tettwaru tmeṭṭut-is d tamɣart n uxxam. Yiwen lkaɣeḍ n Ɣuct 1881 isemma-t deg 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, d axxam i yuɣ deg useggas-nni, yerna deg Tubeṛ yura tawṣit n wergaz yesɛan ayla. Wis ukkuẓ d taɣawsa kan i d-yeqqimen, d tasarut n usmekti deg tsenduqt n tikci, i teḥrez twacult. Tira-s, sɣur «imdukal-is d yimeɛǧaben-is», tettmeslay ɣef rrbeḥ-is deg rulit mgal lbanka n Monte Carlo «deg ukkuẓ n yiseggasen», s uzemz n 1 Mayyu 1884.

Fletcher teɣra deg waya aṭas n tirzaf gar 1880 d 1884 qrib, mačči d yiwen umalas. Acḥal i yeqqim yettɛassa, acḥal i yurar, ur yettwaru ara deg yiwen n wadeg.

Anwa i yṛuḥen yid-s

Sḍis n yimaruyen n Bethell ulac ayen i ten-yesbeggnen, yerna Fletcher tenna-d belli tazeqqa tesɛa kan ukkuẓ neɣ semmus n ṭṭwabel n rulit deg zzman-nni. Yiwet n tmacahut n twacult, yettwarun sɣur yiwen umeddakel i yeẓran tibratin yettwasengren syin, teqqar mmi-s amenzu Alfred iṛuḥ yid-s. Fletcher terna-d mmi-s n gma-s, Oates Jagger, amenhar n tmacint, imi yuɣal d ameṛkanti syin war ma yettwassen seg wanda; d tamuɣli-s nettat. Yiwen n yifurk nniḍen n twacult yeqqar yal tikkelt iṛuḥ akked unemhal n uxeddim-is. Idrimen n ubrid ttwaṛḍlen seg yimdanen n twacult, yiwen seg-sen, d mmi-s n ɛemmi-s, yettwasemma d win i d-yettwaxelṣen.

Ayen i texdem lkazinu

Dagi daɣen Bethell d aɣbalu amezwaru. Yenna-d lkazinu tebda s ubeddel n yiḍebsiyen seg ṭṭabla ɣer tayeḍ yal iḍ, mi ur yeddi ara waya tceggeɛ yiwen wergaz ɣer tnezzut n Paris i ten-yettxeddmen. Tanezzut tebna tagrumma tamaynut n yiḍebsiyen s leḥyuḍ yettembiwilen, akken taxxamtibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → yellan zdat n yilemaḍebsiIlemTaxxamt tazegzawt tasuft ur yeṭṭif ula d yiwen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi, n ddzina neɣ n tgejdit; d aɣbalu n lmaziyya n lkazinu. Daɣen: yiwen yilem, 0.Ɣer akk → yiwen wass tezmer ad tili deg wadeg nniḍen azekka-nni. Polovtsoff, i yellan d aqerru n International Sporting Club deg Monte Carlo deg yiseggasen 1930, yenna-d ayen-nni: iḍebsiyen imaynuten s yiḥricen yettembeddalen, yettwaxelḍen yal ass. Iḍebsiyen iqburen ttwabeddlen, ur ttwaseɣtin ara.

Asenqed n yal aḍebsi s uswir n waman yal taṣebḥit yettwarun akken iwata. Adolphe Smith yeẓra-t ɣer 1912, Polovtsoff yeglem-it deg 1937. Ula d yiwen ur d-yenni yebda-d s Jagger, yerna ulac lkaɣeḍ n lkazinu i yeqqnen yiwet seg tarrayin-a ɣer-s.

Casino de Monte-CarloAktazal n uḍebsi s ufus

Acḥal ilaq ad yili umyal

Tastratijit n rulit n Joseph Jagger, akken i tt-id-tettawi teqsiḍt, d rrehn ɣef wuṭṭunen i yesmenyaf uḍebsi, yerna ur d-tettawi kra ala ma tɛedda yiwet n talast. Rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭunrrehnYiwen wuṭṭunYiwen wuṭṭun kan, ixelleṣ 35:1.Ɣer akk → ixelleṣ 35 ɣef 1, ihi uṭṭun ilaq ad yerbeḥ ugar n yiwet n tikkelt deg 36 n tuzzyiwin uqbel ad d-yawi rrehn fell-as kra. Ɣef uḍebsi imsawi s yiwen yilem, yettrebḥ yiwet n tikkelt deg 37.

Anef ad nini imaruyen uran yiwen uḍebsi yiwen wayyur s 500 n tuzzyiwin i wass: 15 000 n tuzzyiwin. Uṭṭun imsawi ad d-yuli azal n 405 n tikkal, ugar neɣ drus s 20. Uṭṭun i d-yulin 465 n tikkal ad yezwir s kraḍ seg «ugar neɣ drus»-a, d ayen ur d-yettawi zzher weḥd-s qrib werǧin. Uṭṭun am wa yettrebḥ azal n yiwet n tikkelt deg 32 n tuzzyiwin, yerna rrehn fell-as yettawi-d 11,6%: 36 n yijiṭunenidrimenAjiṭunTamatart i d-yemmalen azal yettwasbedden, yettwasersen ɣef tfelwit akken ad yili rrehn. Daɣen: check.Ɣer akk → i d-yettuɣalen i yal 32,3 yettwarehnen. Ayyur n leḥsab s ṣṣber yekfa akken ad d-yaf lɛib n teɣzi-a, ur yekfi ara akken ad d-yaf win yemẓi s waṭas. 500 n tuzzyiwin i wass d tadabit kan i leḥsab; ulac win i yuran acḥal i ttedduwent ṭṭwabel-nni.

Tiddi n tegrummaRrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun

Deffir waya

Jagger ur yuɣ ara axxam ameqqran. Deg 1881 yuɣ 6 Greaves Street deg Little Horton, Bradford, deg mraw n yiseggasen i d-yeḍfren qrib, akken tḥesb Fletcher, ma drus tlatin d sin n yixxamen yettemsaḍfaren qrib n din, ttwakran neɣ zedɣen deg-sen yimdanen n twacult-is. Tɣil yefka azal n tulut n yedrimen i sin n yirgazen i yṛuḥen yid-s. Ulac ticreḍt i d-yeskanen belli yesbeggen-d rrbeḥ-a i medden. Yemmut deg 25 Greaves Street ass n 25 Yebrir 1892, yesɛa 61 n yiseggasen; lkaɣeḍ n tmettant yenna-d d aṭṭan n ssker. Yettwanṭel deg Bethel Chapel deg Shelf, qrib n wanda i d-ilul. Azal ačuran n wayla-s yella d £1 710.

Tizlit

«The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo» tettwacna i tikkelt tamezwarut deg 1892, aseggas deg yemmut Jagger, yerna twacult-is tumen aṭas n wakud belli fell-as i tella. Ur yelli ara akka. Fred Gilbert yura-tt deffir uzrar n Charles Wells n 1891, i yeččuren iɣmisen (walit The Man Who Broke the Bank). Charles Kingston yenna-d ayen-nni deg 1925: lɛezz yṛuḥ i uɣeccac i d-yusan deffir urgaz n Yorkshire.

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