Tuzzra n rrhun d usenqes n lxeṭṛ deg rulit

Tikti n tstratijit n usenqes n lxeṭṛ deg rulit

Amurar yerhen ɣef uzeggaɣrrehnAzeggaɣRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen izeggaɣen. S tefransist: rouge.Ɣer akk →, yettaggad uṭṭunen iberkanenrrehnAberkanRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen iberkanen. S tefransist: noir.Ɣer akk → n tgejditrrehnTagejditTnac n wuṭṭunen deg yiwet n tgejdit tubdidt n tfelwit, ixelleṣ 2:1.Ɣer akk → tis kraḍ, ihi yerna ajiṭunidrimenAjiṭunTamatart i d-yemmalen azal yettwasbedden, yettwasersen ɣef tfelwit akken ad yili rrehn. Daɣen: check.Ɣer akk → dinna: tura 26 n wuṭṭunen ttaken kra n rrbeḥ. Wayeḍ yerhen ɣef snat n ddzinatrrehnDdzina1–12, 13–24 neɣ 25–36, ixelleṣ 2:1.Ɣer akk →, yerna ilemaḍebsiIlemTaxxamt tazegzawt tasuft ur yeṭṭif ula d yiwen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi, n ddzina neɣ n tgejdit; d aɣbalu n lmaziyya n lkazinu. Daɣen: yiwen yilem, 0.Ɣer akk → am tḍamant. Wayeḍ, deg yiwen n umedya yettwassnen n wanaw-a, yerhen ɣef uzeggaɣ d uberkan akk. Yal tikli teṭṭef ugar n uḍebsi, tettban am akken tesneqqis lxeṭṛ. Deg unamek n tavaryanstusnaktTavaryansAktazal n wamek i d-ttwazzaren igmaḍ i tama n wazal yettwaṛǧan. Meqqret i rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun, meẓẓiyet i rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi.Ɣer akk →, ih; deg unamek n lexsara yettwaṛǧantusnaktLexsara yettwaṛǧanAzal yettwaṛǧan seg tmerna n yidrimen yettwarhen; d alemmas n wayen yettwaxsar deg yiwet n tɣimit neɣ deg yiwen wakud.Ɣer akk →, d axelleṣ n rrehn wis sin.

Leḥsab

Azalen yettwaṛǧantusnaktAzal yettwaṛǧanAlemmas n ugmuḍ n yal rrehn deg uɣawas aɣezfan. −1/37 n rrehn i yal rrehn amagnu awrupi.Ɣer akk → ttwarnan wa ɣer wa. Azeggaɣ d −1/37 n rrehn-is; ajiṭun n tgejdit d −1/37 n rrehn-is; s sin-nsen d −1/37 n rrehn meṛṛa. Asenqes n lxeṭṛ yesɣa afmiḍi n rrbeḥ yugaren d lexlaṣidrimenLexlaṣAyen i d-yettak rrehn i yerbḥen, yettwanna «X ɣef 1» nnig rrehn i d-yettuɣalen.Ɣer akk → ačuran yesṣubben i yal rrbeḥ, s wassaɣ n lḥeqq swaswa, kkes-as 2,70%. Afecku «Abennay n rrhun» yettḥessib akk 37 n yigmaḍ i yal tagrumma n yijiṭunen, yesskan-d abeṭṭu d EV (ur nettbeddil ara).

Azeggaɣ d uberkan

Tagnit n tilisa. Yal tuzzya, ala ilem, tettarra-d rrehn; ilem yessexsar-iten i sin. Azal yettwaṛǧan −2,70% n rrehn meṛṛa, ulac akk rrbeḥ i yezmren ad yili. D yiwet kan n tesdukla n rulit ur nesɛi ara anamek akk, maca tettwasers ugar n wayen i tɣilem, s waṭas sɣur win i yesneqqisen lxeṭṛ n unagraw-is deg tlemmast n tunnḍa.

Anagraw s yisem: Bohemia (1959)

Deg 1959, tasɣunt n Kuba Bohemia tessuffeɣ-d anagraw i d-yebder John Scarne ticki, sakin yessefsed-it s leḥsab: yiwen uferdisidrimenAferdisRrehn agejdan s wacu i yettxeddem unagraw neɣ amurar. Inagrawen n usnerni ttwaglamen s yiferdisen akken ad ilin i yal ṭṭabla.Ɣer akk → ɣef uberkan d yiwen ɣef tgejdit tis kraḍ, i yesɛan tam n wuṭṭunen izeggaɣen d ukkuẓ kan iberkanen (6, 15, 24, 33). Wid i t-yettzenzin wɛedden rrbeḥ n 4 n yiferdisen yal 38 n tuzzyiwin ɣef uḍebsi s sin yilmawen; ma yettwaḥseb s tidet, aḍebsi-nni yettak lexsara n 4. Ḥesbet igmaḍ ɣef uḍebsi awrupi. Uṭṭun aberkan deg tgejdit tis kraḍ yettrebbiḥ sin n rrhun, +3; azeggaɣ yettrebbiḥ tagejdit, yettexsar aberkan, +1; yal aberkan nniḍen yettrebbiḥ aberkan, yettexsar tagejdit, 0; mraw n yizeggaɣen nniḍen d yilem xesren sin, −2. Deg 37 n tuzzyiwin, aya d 12 + 8 + 0 − 22 = −2 n yiferdisen ɣef 74 yettwarhen, 2,70%, am yal tasdukla. Anagraw yettrebbiḥ neɣ ur yettrebbiḥ ur yettexsar deg 26 n tuzzyiwin seg 37, d ayagi i t-yerran yettban d aḥerci. Bollman (2024) yerna-d taferkit kraḍ-sin, 3 n yiferdisen ɣef uberkan d 2 ɣef tgejdit, s yiwet n ssuma.

Asenqes n lxeṭṛ n unagraw n usnerni

Imuraren i yekcemen nezzeh deg MartingaletastratijitMartingaleAnagraw n usnerni i yessneggmen rrehn deffir yal lexsara. Walit taggayt n tstratijit i wayen i yettxemmem d wayen ur yettxemmim ara.Ɣer akk → tikkwal bḍan rrehn ameqqran gar uzeggaɣ d ddzina, neɣ rnan ilem, akken ad t-«ḥadren». Aḥadar-a yesqam 2,70% n wazal-is, yettbeddil anwi igmaḍ i d-yettarran ayen yexsren deg tunnḍa. Ur ibeddel ara taprubabilittusnaktTaprubabilitAzal n yiwen ugmuḍ ad d-yeḍru, seg 0 ɣer 1 neɣ seg 0% ɣer 100%. Yiwen wuṭṭun: 1/37 = 2,70%.Ɣer akk → ad tfakk tunnḍa s wudem n diri; ibeddel acḥal i diri, deg sin yidisan. Alugen n uḥbas yerxes ugar, yerna yeddu.

Mi ara yesqam ugar: anagraw n tigezmin n ukrupi

Ɣef uḍebsi s sin yilmawen, yiwet n tuṭṭfa tesqam ugar n tiyaḍ. Bollman (2021) yeglem-d anagraw i d-yessumer yiwen ukrupi n Las Vegas, yettwaxedmen i sin n yiḥricen n uḍebsi amarikani: tam n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → 2, 0, 28, 9, 26, 30, 11, 7 d, zdat-sent, 1, 00, 27, 10, 25, 29, 12, 8. Ɣef uḍebsi-nni, sin yiḥricen-a ɣlin-d deg yiḥricen n tfelwitibenkanTafelwit n rrhunAẓeṭṭa n rrhun yettwarun ɣef ṭṭabla. Daɣen: ṭṭabla, tajellabt, aceṭṭiḍ.Ɣer akk →, ihi kraḍ n yijiṭunen ṭṭfen-ten: yiwen ɣef rrehn ɣef semmus n wuṭṭunen (0, 00, 1, 2, 3), yiwen ɣef sin yizirigenrrehnSin yizirigenSḍis n wuṭṭunen deg sin yijerriḍen yemyuḍanen, ixelleṣ 5:1. S tefransist: sixain.Ɣer akk → 7–12, yiwen ɣef sin yizirigen 25–30. D 17 n wuṭṭunen, sin yiḥricen d 3, s kraḍ n yijiṭunen. Ugur yella deg ujiṭun amezwaru. Tafelwit ur tesɛi ara rrehn ɣef 0, 00, 1 d 2 weḥd-sen, ma d rrehn ɣef semmus n wuṭṭunen d yiwen kan n rrehn amarikani s ssuma n 7,89% deg wadeg n 5,26%. Yessader talɣa meṛṛa ɣer −7/38 n uferdis ɣef 3 n yiferdisen yettwarhen, 6,14%. Ɣef ṭṭabla tamarikanit, yal tuṭṭfa ur nesɛi ara rrehn ɣef semmus n wuṭṭunen tesqam 5,26%; tagi tesqam ugar acku tesɛa-t.

Yezmer ukrupi ad d-yessuffeɣ uṭṭun i yebɣa? LexrafaRulit tamarikanit: aḍebsi d yilugan

Melmi i yesɛa anamek tuṭṭfa

Mi ara tebɣum talɣa-nni: afmiḍi n rrbeḥ ɛlayen i tɣimit tazegrart, ihedden, s tmusni belli ssuma ur tettbeddil ara. Tuzzra James Bond d urar ɣef snat n ddzinat d tiferkiwin n tidet n tuzzra n rrhun deg rulit. Taferkit n tikerkas d yal adlis amecṭuḥ yeqqaren belli talɣa n tuṭṭfa «ur tettexsar ara»; leḥsab yeqqar yal talɣa tettexsar 2,70% n wayen i terhen.

Isteqsiyen