Argaz i yesserẓen lbanka

Anwa i yella

Charles Deville Wells (1841–1922) yella d amsenday d uɣeccac yettɛawaden, i yettejmaɛen idrimen seg yimesgaden i yisnulfuyen ur nelli ara. Deg Yulyu 1891 yewweḍ-d ɣer Monte Carlo s £4 000 seg yedrimen am wigi. Deg semmus n wussan, yerreẓ lbanka, s ukfaf n wedrim yettwaḥerzen n yiwet n ṭṭabla, aṭas n tikkal, iṛuḥ s wazal n £40 000 akken i d-yenna netta, aṭas n yimelyunen n yipunden ass-a.

Rulit n Monte Carlo

Ayen i yexdem s tidet

Yenna-d yesɛa anagraw ur nettɣelliḍ, werǧin yenna-d d acu-t. Inagiyen ur walan ara alugen iban deg wurar-is, ulac aglam yettwamman i d-isemman tarrayt; MartingaletastratijitMartingaleAnagraw n usnerni i yessneggmen rrehn deffir yal lexsara. Walit taggayt n tstratijit i wayen i yettxemmem d wayen ur yettxemmim ara.Ɣer akk → i s-ttaken s waṭas d asugen kan. Ur yesɛi ara azal: yal anagraw ɣef tfelwitibenkanTafelwit n rrhunAẓeṭṭa n rrhun yettwarun ɣef ṭṭabla. Daɣen: ṭṭabla, tajellabt, aceṭṭiḍ.Ɣer akk → yesɛa yiwen wazal yettwaṛǧantusnaktAzal yettwaṛǧanAlemmas n ugmuḍ n yal rrehn deg uɣawas aɣezfan. −1/37 n rrehn i yal rrehn amagnu awrupi.Ɣer akk →, ihi akken yebɣu yili wayen yexdem, agmuḍ yella d azrar aɣezfan n zzher. TaprubabilittusnaktTaprubabilitAzal n yiwen ugmuḍ ad d-yeḍru, seg 0 ɣer 1 neɣ seg 0% ɣer 100%. Yiwen wuṭṭun: 1/37 = 2,70%.Ɣer akk → n uzrar n zzher aɣezfan am win-is d tamecṭuḥt i yal amurar weḥd-s, d tameqqrant i yigiman i iɛeddan deg lkazinu deg yiwet n tallit. Yiwen ilaq ad yili d Wells. Yella d Wells.

Tizlit

«The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo» n Fred Gilbert (1892), i yecna Charles Coborn, tella d tizlit tameqqrant akk deg music-hall n London, tɛedda ɣer Marikan. Amesmeslay-is yettḥewwis deg ubrid ameqqran s tikli n bu lḥeṛma, yerna tanfalit «yerreẓ lbanka» tebɣa ad d-tini seg wass-nni rrbeḥ ameqqran yessewhamen. Tizlit ur d-tbedder ara tarzeft tis snat.

Tarzeft tis snat d wayen i d-yeḍfren

Wells yuɣal-d deg lexrif-nni, yerbeḥ tikkelt nniḍen, syin yexser aḥric seg yedrimen deg tarzeft n tegrest n 1891–92. Yesṣerref aṭas ɣef yiwen uɣerrabu n lfaxert, Palais Royale, s yedrimen n yimesgaden; werǧin yewweḍ ɣer Monte Carlo. Deg taggara n 1892, lpulis n Faransa teṭṭef-it deg Le Havre, deg Meɣres 1893 yiwet n lmeḥkama n London tefka-yas tam n yiseggasen n lḥebs s uxeddim iqesḥen ɣef lɣecc. Yeffeɣ deg 1899, yewwi kraḍ n yiseggasen nniḍen deg 1906 ɣef lɣecc nniḍen, ɣer 1911 yessenhaǧ lbanka n tkerkas deg Paris i yettɛahaden 1% i wass, d ayen i t-yessekcmen lḥebs n Faransa. Yemmut deg London deg 1922. Lkazinu, i yexelṣen £40 000 deg 1891 tewwi ugar n waya s udellel, terbeḥ aṭas seg-s.

Acuɣer taqsiḍt-a tesɛa azal

D amedya iban akk n unagraw i «yeddan» syin ur yeddi ara. Anagraw ur yexdim acemma deg snat n tikkal; zzher yusa-d iṛuḥ, akken qqarent tisniwin n tavaryanstusnaktTavaryansAktazal n wamek i d-ttwazzaren igmaḍ i tama n wazal yettwaṛǧan. Meqqret i rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭun, meẓẓiyet i rrhun s lexlaṣ imsawi.Ɣer akk → ilaq ad yeḍru. Lkazinu texser yiwen yimalas, terbeḥ tamacahut. Yal anagraw yettwazenzen seg wass-nni yesɛa Wells deg yinawen n wid i yerbḥen yis-s, yerna yal yiwen deg-sen yesɛa tarzeft tis snat ur d-ttbedderen ara yinawen-nni.

Isteqsiyen