Tzemrem ad tɣelbem rulit? Amek ara terbḥem deg rulit

Acuɣer ur ttedun ara yinagrawen

Yal rrehn yesɛa EV = −1/37 n udrim-is. Yal amtawal n rrhun, akken yebɣu yili ufran-is seg yigmaḍ yezrin, yesɛa EV = −1/37 n wamatu yettwarehnen. D alugen n tusnakt yettwasbeggen ɣef yimatuten n yimuttiyen n zzher, mačči d tamuɣli ara yesfesx unagraw yifen. Joseph Doob d Paul Halmos sbeggnen-t deg yiseggasen n 1930, u Edward Thorp, i yeɣleben s tidet blackjack s uḥsab n tkarḍiwin, yesbadu-d tiwtilin i tesra: yal rrehn ddaw n yilem, tuzzyiwin timanayintusnaktTuzzyiwin timanayinYal tuzzya ɣur-s tiprubabiliyin kif kif, ama d acu i d-yeffɣen yakan. D tagejdit n yal asiḍen deg usmel-a.Ɣer akk →, talast tafellayt d talast tadday n ṭṭabla. Adlis-is n uselmed n 1966 yefka-d asbeggen afessas.

Tilisa n ṭṭabla n rulitTuzzyiwin timanayin n rulit

Ayen yeddan

Kraḍ n tɣawsiwin, akk qqnent ɣer uḍebsi n tidet. Amyal: aḍebsi anda tixxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → ur sɛint ara yiwet n taprubabilit, yettwafen s tira n yigiman n tuzzyiwin. Tussna n ugmuḍ uqbel: aktazal n tkurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → d uqerru yettezzin (rotor)ibenkanAqerru yettezzin (rotor)Aḥric n uḍebsi yettezzin i yeṭṭfen tixxamin.Ɣer akk → akken ad yettwaqedder tagzemtaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk → ideg ara teɣli, yettwaxdem s yiselkimen yettwaffren seg yiseggasen n 1970 ɣer da. Tazmamt n ukrupi: tikti belli asedfel n tkurt sɣur ukrupi yemmezg akken ad yettwassen uqbel anda ara teɣli tkurt, ur d-yettwasken ara akk s tidet. Kraḍ-nni sran aḍebsi n tidet, timuɣli taɣezfant d lkazinu ur nwala ara.

Tazmamt n ukrupiTiddi n tegrumma

Acuɣer ur yeddu ara tura

Lkazinu ttbeddilent iqerra n yiḍebsiyenibenkanAqerru n uḍebsiYiwen unamek d rotor: aḥric yettezzin i yeṭṭfen uṭṭunen.Ɣer akk → gar teqbucinibenkanTaqbuctAḥric n berra n uḍebsi ur nettembiwil: iri n usɣar neɣ n tɣawsa yemxalaḍen i yeṭṭfen abrid n tkurt d tama yeknan, anda yettezzi uqerru.Ɣer akk →, ssuɣdent tiqbucin, ttaktalent tixxamin u ttbeddilent leḥyuḍ n texxaminibenkanLḥiḍ n taxxamtLḥiḍ n wuzzal gar snat n texxamin ɣef uḍebsi.Ɣer akk → s uɣawas, ayen yesxessaren amyal. Istudyuten srid mdelen rrhun uqbel ad tsizzer tkurt u ttsbadun aɛeṭṭel n usuddu, ayen yesxessaren aktazal. Ugar n tmura gedlent ibenkan i d-yettinin agmuḍ uqbel. Ikrupiyen ttwaweṣṣan ad beddlen asedfel-nsen. Tiririt n tidet i uḍebsi n tura yettwaḥerzen deg lkazinu neɣ deg ustudyu s turagt d ala.

Amek tteddu rulit srid

Amek ara tettwaɣleb rulit, deg tikti kan: ayen ara tesra

Ad nini taxxamt teffeɣ-d 1 seg 33 deg wadeg n 1 seg 37. Rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭunrrehnYiwen wuṭṭunYiwen wuṭṭun kan, ixelleṣ 35:1.Ɣer akk → fell-as yesɛa EV = 35/33 − 32/33 = +3/33 ≈ +9%. Akken ad teẓrem belli taxxamt tesɛa amyal mačči d zzher, tesram azal n 10 000 n tuzzyiwin yettwarun seg uḍebsi-nni s yiman-is; akken ad tt-tesseqdcem, tesram aḍebsi ad yeqqim akken yella mi ara tettrehnem fell-as. Isebtar n Tnarit n rulit ssefhamen-d tidaddanin; isebtar n umezruy ssefhamen-d ayen yeḍran i yimdanen i t-yexdmen.

Tiririt n tidet

I win yeɣran yesɛan anagraw: ur yettedu ara, u tzemrem ad tesenqdem aya s yisimulaturen n usmel-a deg yiwen n tmeddit. I win yeɣran yesɛan akarnit d ṣṣber: amyal yella deg tikti u yettwakkes deg telqayt. I yal yiwen: rulit d aqḍu. Xelṣet ssuma i wen-yeɛǧben, s urured i tfernem, ɣef uḍebsi s yiwen yilemaḍebsiIlemTaxxamt tazegzawt tasuft ur yeṭṭif ula d yiwen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi, n ddzina neɣ n tgejdit; d aɣbalu n lmaziyya n lkazinu. Daɣen: yiwen yilem, 0.Ɣer akk → d la partagealugenLa partageAlugen afransis: mi ara d-yeffeɣ yilem, azgen n rrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi yettuɣal-d. Yessenqas lmaziyya n lkazinu ɣef rrhun-a ɣer uzgen, d 1,35%.Ɣer akk → ma tufam-t.

Alugen La Partage deg rulit

Isteqsiyen