Tanarit n rulit · Tanarit · Tarrayt · 9 tsd

Amek ara d-naf amyal n uḍebsi

Arut, ḥesbet, sekydet, syin arut ugar: akka i yettwaf umyal n uḍebsi n rulit.

Tiririt tawezlant

Jemɛet ma drus agim n tuzzyiwin seg yiwen n uḍebsi, ḥesbet acḥal n tikkal i yeɣli yal taxxamt, selkmet akayad χ² (chi-square)tanaritAkayad χ² (chi-square)Akayad adaddan i yesserwasen amḍan n tikkal i d-teffeɣ yal taxxamt d wayen yettwaṛǧan, n/37. Yettwasqedcen akken ad naẓ ma yella uḍebsi s umyal.Ɣer akk →, u ḥesbet yal agmuḍ adaddan iman-is d ssebba i ujmaɛ n tegrumma tis snat tamanayt.

tagrumma tadday
~1 000
akayad
chi-square, df 36
asentem s
tagrumma tis snat
tagrumma yenfaɛen
10 000+

1. Tira

Amazray n tuzzyiwin n ṭṭablat srid s waṭas yettwasuffeɣ neɣ yettwaskan u yezmer ad yettwanɣel. Arut anwa i d aḍebsi: ṭṭablat ttbeddilent iqerra n yiḍebsiyenibenkanAqerru n uḍebsiYiwen unamek d rotor: aḥric yettezzin i yeṭṭfen uṭṭunen.Ɣer akk → gar tqebcinibenkanTaqbuctAḥric n berra n uḍebsi ur nettembiwil: iri n usɣar neɣ n tɣawsa yemxalaḍen i yeṭṭfen abrid n tkurt d tama yeknan, anda yettezzi uqerru.Ɣer akk →, u amyal d ayla n uḍebsi, mačči n ṭṭabla neɣ n ukrupi. Arut azemz d usrag; aḍebsi yesɛan amyal ass-a yezmer ad as-ttwabeddlen leḥyuḍ n texxamin azekka. Agim n tuzzyiwin d amḍan adday i wakken akayad ad d-yini kra; mraw n yigiman d anda yebda ad yenfeɛ.

Taɣuri n umezruy n tuzzyiwin yettwasuffɣen

2. Asiḍen d ukayad

Ḥesbet acḥal n tikkal i yeɣli yal taxxamtibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk →. Ayen yettwaṛǧan d n/37 i yal yiwet. Ḥesbet azal n chi-square, Σ (ayen yettwalan − ayen yettwaṛǧan)² / ayen yettwaṛǧan, ɣef 37 n texxamin u serwset-it d ubeṭṭu n chi-square s 36 n tfesniwin n tlellitanaritTifesniwin n tlelliAmḍan n yizalen imanayen deg yiwen usiḍen adaddan. I wakayad χ² ɣef 37 n texxamin d 36, acku imiḍanen ilaq ad msawin d tmerna.Ɣer akk →. Amesleḍ n umyal n uḍebsi deg usmel-a yexeddem-it deg yiminig. Walit daɣen tigezminaḍebsiTagzemtAḥric n texxamin yemmeḍfaren ɣef uḍebsi, mačči d tagrumma ɣef tfelwit.Ɣer akk →: lɛib n tfizikt s umata tennal tixxamin yemlalen akk, u akayad n tegzemt yesɛa drus n tegnatin ad d-yefk alɣu n lɣelṭ ugar n 37 n yikayaden n yal taxxamt.

1 000 n tuzzyiwin seg uḍebsi imsawi (tasimulasyunt): tikkal i yal taxxamt
0
32
15
19
4
21
2
25
17
34
6
27
13
36
11
30
8
23
10
5
24
16
33
1
20
14
31
9
22
18
29
7
28
12
35
3
26
Ayen yettwaṛǧan d 27 i yal taxxamt. Abeṭṭu i twalam d ahuzzu n tegnit kan: taxxamt yeḥman akk dagi teɣli azal n 36 n tikkal u ur d-tenni acemma.0 n tikkelt40 n tikkal

Akayad χ² (chi-square)

3. Aɛiwed

Bḍut isefka ɣef sin n yizgunen, neɣ jemɛet tagrumma tamaynut n yiwet n tiddi seg yiwen n uḍebsi. Amyal n tidet yettban deg snat n tegrummiwin; tegnit ur tettban ara. Chi-square adaddan s 5% deg yiwet n tegrumma yettwaṛǧa yiwet n tikkelt seg ɛecrin seg uḍebsi imsawi, u amurar i yettnadin deg waṭas n yiḍebsiyen ad yaf tigrummiwin am tigi yal tikkelt. Deffir uɛiwed kan i yesɛa azal usiḍen ma yella tixxamin yeḥman xelleṣent akken ilaq i uɣlab n 2,70%.

1 000 n tuzzyiwin seg uḍebsi s lɛib n tidet (tasimulasyunt): tagzemt 8–23–10 teḥma
0
32
15
19
4
21
2
25
17
34
6
27
13
36
11
30
8
23
10
5
24
16
33
1
20
14
31
9
22
18
29
7
28
12
35
3
26
Tagzemt n uḍebsi s texxamin yemlalen tuli. D akka i yettban uqerru yeknan neɣ lḥiḍ n texxamt yerxan, u ad yesri tagrumma tis snat i usentem.0 n tikkelt49 n tikkal

4. Aktazal n tiddi n umyal

Azal adaddan yeqqar-d belli aḍebsi ahat mačči d imsawi. Rrbeḥ yesra taxxamt ad teɣli s 1/36 neɣ ugar, imi rrehn ɣef yiwen wuṭṭunrrehnYiwen wuṭṭunYiwen wuṭṭun kan, ixelleṣ 35:1.Ɣer akk → yettxelleṣ 35 ɣef 1. Taxxamt yettwalan s 40 n tikkal deg 1 000 d 1/25, ayen ara yettak rrbeḥ meqqren ma d tidet, u ad yili daɣen d tadyant n 2,5 sigma ma yella uḍebsi imsawi; tagrumma tis snat n 1 000 yettwaṛǧa ad tt-id-tesken tikkelt nniḍen s 40 ± 6 ma yella umyal d tidet, s 27 ± 5 ma yella d ahuzzu n tegnit.

afmiḍi n uɣelli n texxamtEV i d-yettawi ɣef yiwen wuṭṭuntuzzyiwin i usentem (s uqrib)
1/37 (imsawi)−2,70%—
1/360,00%≈ 1 000 000
1/35+2,86%≈ 70 000
1/33+9,1%≈ 10 000
1/30+20%≈ 4 400
1/25+44%≈ 1 100
Tuzzyiwin i usekyed s tezmert n wazal n 80%, s yiwet n tama 5%. Amyal yesɛan azal yesra timerwin n yigiman n tuzzyiwin akken ad yettwasbeggen.

Syin akkin: tifin n umyal n uḍebsi n rulit deg lkazinu n tura

Deg umezruy: imuraren rehnen ɣef tegzemt yeḥman, rebḥen alamma tefaq lkazinu, syin ad ten-gedlen neɣ ad walin aḍebsi yettwakkes. Tawacult García-Pelayo texdem aya qrib n Madrid deg tazwara n yiseggasen n 1990, u mi ten-tegdel lkazinu, lmeḥkamat n Spanya sfesxen agdel-nni. Lkazinu tura ttbeddilent iqerra yettezzinibenkanAqerru yettezzin (rotor)Aḥric n uḍebsi yettezzin i yeṭṭfen tixxamin.Ɣer akk → gar tqebcin u ttaktazalent tixxamin s wahil; amyal meqqren akken ad yettban deg ugim n tuzzyiwin ur yettidir ara deffir tunnḍa n uḥraz. Tarrayt teṣḥa, maca tifin n umyal n uḍebsi n rulit deg lkazinu n tura tettas-d s ɛeṭṭel: tagnit, s tidet, truḥ.

Imuraren n rulit yettwassnenGonzalo García-Pelayo: anagraw n rulit

Taxxamt yeččuren akk tettili yal tikkelt teččur

Afran n texxamt yeččuren akk u asekyed-is iman-is d tafexxa, acku aḍebsi imsawi yesɛa yal tikkelt taxxamt yeččuren akk. Deffir 3 700 n tuzzyiwin, yal taxxamt tettṛaǧu 100 n tikkal, maca tin yeččuren akk s umata tesskan azal n 122, u deg yiwet n tegrumma seg ɛecrin tesskan 131 neɣ ugar. Tin yeḥdan akk s umata tesskan azal n 79. Ihi taxxamt s 125 deg 3 700 n tuzzyiwin mačči d tifin: serwset-tt d wayen i txeddem texxamt yeččuren akk n uḍebsi imsawi, mačči d 100.

taxxamt yeččuren akk deffir 3 700 n tuzzyiwinaḍebsi imsawi
alemmas122
azal n tlemmast121
1 n tegrumma seg 20131 neɣ ugar
1 n tegrumma seg 100136 neɣ ugar
Aḍebsi s yiwen yilem, 100 yettwaṛǧan i yal taxxamt. Tasimulasyunt n 20 000 n tegrummiwin timsawiyin tettak-d tilisa n wuṭṭunen yeḥman yemṣadan.
Aḍebsi imsawi yesɛa yal tikkelt taxxamt yeččuren akk: serwset-tt d texxamt yeččuren akk n uḍebsi imsawi, mačči d walemmas.

Tuccḍiwin yettwassnen

Asdukkel n tuzzyiwin seg yiḍebsiyen yemgaraden neɣ seg yiqerra yemgaraden. Asekyed deffir tmuɣli n yisefka d ufran n usdukkel yettbanen d amcum akk. Aḥsab n wuṭṭun yeḥmanlexrafaUṭṭun yeḥmanUṭṭun i d-yeffɣen ugar n wayen yettwaṛǧan melmi kan. Ɣef uḍebsi imsawi ur d-yettbeggin acemma.Ɣer akk → deg 200 n tuzzyiwin d tazmilt. Attu belli akayad yeḥseb tuzzyiwin d timanayin, ihi tazmamt n ukrupi ad tessali daɣen chi-square war ma tella texxamt yettwafernen s tfizikt.

Tazmamt n ukrupi

Isteqsiyen

Acḥal n tuzzyiwin i yi-ilaqen?

1 000 akken ad yettwaselkem ukayad kan; kra n yigiman akken ad yettwaf umyal yesɛan azal; timerwin n yigiman akken ad yettwasentem.

Zemreɣ ad sseqdceɣ igmaḍ n tfelwit n lkazinu?

Ala ma yessekna-d aḍebsi u yesskan-d aṭas n tuzzyiwin. Tuget n tfelwiyin sskanent 20 ɣer 500, ur yeqḍi ara.

Acu i d-yesbeggen chi-square adaddan?

Belli aḍebsi ahat ur d-yettak ara igmaḍ yemsawan. Mačči belli yella texxamt i yettxellisen akken ilaq, mačči belli tamudemt ad teqqim.

Urar s tusnakt

Ɛerḍet-tent s yiman-nwen qbel. Yal tifrat tettwaffer; ldit-tt mi ara tilim twejdem.

  1. Ɣef uḍebsi yettwačččen, kraḍ n texxaminibenkanTaxxamtYiwet seg 37 n texxamin s wuṭṭunen ɣef uqerru yettezzin. Daɣen: slot, cup.Ɣer akk → tizeggaɣinrrehnAzeggaɣRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen izeggaɣen. S tefransist: rouge.Ɣer akk → ur ɣmiqent ara akken iwata, u takurtibenkanTakurtTakurt tamecṭuḥt i yettwaḍeqqren deg ubrid mgal aqerru yettezzin. Tikurin n tura d ivorine neɣ d Teflon, 18–21 mm.Ɣer akk → i yellan ad teḥbes deg-sent tkemmel ɣer texxamin tiberkaninrrehnAberkanRrehn s lexlaṣ imsawi ɣef 18 n wuṭṭunen iberkanen. S tefransist: noir.Ɣer akk → yellan ɣer tama-nsent, ihi azeggaɣ yeffeɣ-d 15 n tikkal deg 37 u aberkan 21. Acḥal i tteklifen neɣ i d-ttawin tura rrhun ɣef uzeggaɣ d uberkan?

    Sken-d tifrat

    Tiririt Azeggaɣ yetteklif 18,9%; aberkan yettawi-d 13,5%.

    Azeggaɣ yerbeḥ 15 n tikkal deg 37 u yexser 22: (15 − 22)/37 = −18,9%. Aberkan yerbeḥ 21 n tikkal u yexser 16: (21 − 16)/37 = +13,5%.

    Amyal yeqqaṣ ɣef snat n tama. Aḍebsi i yettaken lmaziyya i umurar i t-yektalen yettawi sa n tikkal n ssuma tamagnut i umurar i yerhnen ɣef yini ur nelhi ara. Hunacek (2025) yesseqdec amedya i as-yecban.

    Kraḍ n texxamin deg 37 d lɛib ameqqran aṭas. Amyal n tidet, s umata, d aḥric seg waya, u yesra igiman n tuzzyiwin akken ad yettwamyez seg zzher, akken i d-yesskan usebter-a.

Taḍsa i usgunfu

Tira, asiḍen, akayad, aɛiwed. Aɛiwed d win iweɛren.

Tira, asiḍen, akayad, aɛiwed. Aɛiwed d win iweɛren.

Iɣbula

  1. Pearson, K. “On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable…” Philosophical Magazine 50(302), 1900.
  2. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
  3. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Ixef 13, rulit.
  4. Wizard of Odds. “Hot Numbers in Roulette: Myths and Facts.” Yettwaleqqem ass n 3 ɣuct 2026.
Ifecka n rulitAmesleḍ n umyal n uḍebsi n rulitTanarit n rulitTiddi n tegrummaTanarit n rulitTasleḍt n tigezminAsteqsiAmenqad n umyal n uḍebsiTistratijiyin n rrhun deg rulitTastratijit Andrucci
yettwasenqed 2026-09-28tamudemt: tawrupit, yiwen yilemtarrayt ↗iɣbula ↗